Saturday, October 13, 2012

Genesis 25:23 “The elder shall serve the younger.”


The LORD said to her, "Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger." Gen. 25:23 NIV. The Old Testament is wrought with tradition. Headship from one generation to another is taken extremely seriously when it comes to firstborn sons. Why would God have a younger son then rule over an older firstborn son? It is astoundingly out of sorts for the time and culture. God must have had His reasons.  Rebekah becomes pregnant and prays to God because in her womb she feels a struggle. God tells her she is having twin boys that would become great nations. Davis writes, “Quite surprisingly God further stated that “the elder shall serve the younger.” This was contrary to ancient Near Eastern custom…” [1]
            So what is the significance of this decision of God to have a younger son rule over an older firstborn son? Gary Inbinder in his work, Jacob and Esau, states that the purpose of the younger serving the older is held in the different personality types of the brothers, and which of them would serve mankind most markedly.[2] Esau was ruddy and hairy, and man of the fields, a man seeking only to satisfy the here and now of his life – not a man bent on evil mind you, but neither is he a learned man looking to spur progress. Jacob was smooth and lanky, a man of the indoors – tents, an intelligent man, a man that thinks far ahead and can better serve humanity with his keenness. The article is a good read and has a wonderful perspective on how all of humanity in some way, has Esau and Jacob natures, this balance is what keeps humanity from total annihilation he says.
            Daniel J. Elazar in his work, Jacob and Esau the Emergence of the Jewish People, also looks at the life of the two brothers from the perspective of which would better serve the people of Israel. The younger ruling over the older is not, it seems an affront on Esau personally, rather a decision of God to choose what would be, and I dare say it, the lesser of two evils. Elazar writes, “God is faced with having to choose between two combinations of traits and to select what would be better for leadership of his people.”[3] Again, Esau is a man of the fields, best suited for the ruggedness of the out of doors, military, and the immediate. Jacob is a thinking man, cunning, and deceitful. But in the end, God has His way by tempering Jacob. Elazar says God chose Jacob because he could be molded into what He wanted for the people of Israel – to continue the covenant made to Abraham.


[1] John J. Davis. Paradise to Prison: Studies in Genesis  (Salem: Sheffield Publishing Company, 1975), 232.
[2] Gary Inbinder. 2003. Jacob and Esau. Humanitas 16, no. 1:90-96, http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/195237786 (accessed October 11, 2012).
[3] Daniel J. Elazar. Jacob and Esau and the Emergence of the Jewish People. Jewish Center for Public Affairs pg1-8, http://jcpa.org/dje/articles/jacob-esau.htm (accessed October 12, 2012).

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